Effect of Stocking Density on Sustainable Growth Performance and Water Quality of Nile Tilapia-Spinach in NFT Aquaponic System

In Saudi Arabia, there is a scarcity of water used for agriculture and human consumption. Therefore, the aquaponic technique needs to be considered. Aquaponics modern, environmentally friendly agricultural technology that combines hydroponics aquaculture into one system. However, key successful system optimizing stocking density target species. This study estimates effect three densities—3 kg/m−3, 6 9 kg/m−3—in five replicates on growth performance quality fingerling Nile tilapia (Oreochomis niloticus), as well yield spinach (Spinacia oleracea) grown in nutrient film (NFT) As planting density, 36 plants are planted per m−2 each replicate. The experiment set up 8 weeks. findings reveal average final body weight, weight gain, specific rate, survival rate were significantly higher 3 kg/m−3 treatment. It evident total increased (p < 0.05). Most measurements significant, pH values range from 6.74 7.47, dissolved oxygen 4.33 6.35, ammonia 0.13 0.17 mg/L−1, nitrite 0.045 0.089, nitrate 2.44 3.35. maximize productivity while achieving maximum benefit fresh water, it can recommended use fingerlings